El Principe Oso

(The Bear Prince)


Habia una vez un leñador muy pobre que tenia hijas muy bonitas. De las trés, la más bonita era la menor. Un dia se fué el leñador a cortar leña al bosque y al estar cortando un encino un oso muy grande y feo le arrebató el hacha de las manos.

-¿Quién te dió permiso para cortar leña en mi bosque? Le preguntó el oso al leñador. - Te has estado robando mi leña y vas a tener que pagarla con tu vida.

- Quiero que me perdone, señor Oso, dijo el pobre leñador, - yo cortaba leña para venderla y asi mantener a mis trés hijitas. Si usted me mata, mis niñas se morirán de hambre.

Se quedó pensativo el oso, y luego dijo:

- Nada más hay un modo de salvar tu vida, tienes que darmo a una de tus hijas como esposa.

El pobre leñador no sabia que hacer ni que decir. Por fin el terror de perder la vida y dejar a sus hijas desamparadas obligó al hombre a satisfacer los deseos del oso.

Volvió a su casa el leñador y les contó a sus hijas lo que le habia pasado.

- Padre, dijeron las dos mayores, - Nosotras nos moririamos si no tuviéramos que casar con ese oso.

Ninfa, la más pequeña, dijo entonces, - Padre, yo me casaré con el oso.

Al dia siguiente se fueron Ninfa y su padre al bosque. Alli encontraron al oso que despues de ver a la muchacha se sintio satisfecho.

Ninfa sin embargo, le dijo al oso:

- Señor Oso, mi madre siempre me dijo que hiciera las cosas según lo manda la Santa Inglesia Católica.

El oso le contestó que si, pero con la condición de que tenian que traer al sacerdote al bosque. Se fué el leñador en busca de un sacerdote y al regresar con uno se casaron Ninfa y el oso.

El oso se llevó a Ninfa a su cueva y cuando llegó la noche el oso dijo:

- Oso peludo, Oso horroroso
Vuélvete principe lindo y hermoso.

Al instante quedó convertido en un principe muy hermoso. Entonces le dijo a Ninfa:

- Yo soy un principe que estoy castigado a ser oso de dia y hombre de noche por una hechicera. Tu puedes hacer lo que quieras con una condición: nunca le dirás a nadie que soy un principe encantado.

Ninfa le prometió al principe que nunca diria el secreto y se sintieron muy felices los dos.

A la mañana siguiente que se levantaron, el principe dijo:

- Principe lindo y hermoso
Vuélvete oso peludo, oso horroroso.

Al instante quedó convertido en oso.

Asi pasaron los dias y Ninfa tuvo deseos de ir a visitar a su padre y a sus hermanas al pueblo.

Ninfa no sabia como pedirle permiso al principe Oso para que la dejara ir a ver a su familia. Por fin un dia se animó y le dijo:

- Fuera de ti esposo, no tengo a nadie con quien platicar. Quisiera que me dejaras ir a ver a mi padre y a mis hermanas. No está lejos el pueblo, si me voy temprano regresaré antes de que anochezca.

El principe no queria que Ninda fuera, pero tanto le rogó ella que al fin le dió permiso, haciéndola que repitiera otra vez la promesa de nunca decir el secreto.

Al dia siguiente se levantó Ninfa muy temprano, se vistió muy ricamente y se fué a ver a su padre y hermanas quienes la recibieron con alegria; pero el diablo que nunca duerme, llenó de envidia a las hermanas de Ninfa. Se empezaron a burlar de ella, celosas de las ricas alhajas y los costosos vestidos que lucia.

- Te casaste con unoso, ¡Qué vergüenza! - le decian las hermanas.

Tanto se lo repitieron que al fin se enojó Ninfa y les reveló el secreto. Mucho se asombraron las hermanas. Entonces dijo la mayor:

- Mira Ninfa, ¿por qué no desencantas al principe? Lo que tienes que hacer es muy fácil. A la noche emborrachas al principe. Luego que se duerma lo amarras y le tapas la boca. En las mañana cuando despierte no podrá decir las palabras múgicas que lo cambian en oso. Tan pronto como entre bien la mañana quedará deshecho el encanto y tu marido tendrá cuerpo de principe para siempre.

Volvió Ninfa a la cueva del oso y esa noche hizo lo que la habia aconsejado se hermana. Despertó el principe a la mañana siguiente y cual seria se sorpresa al encontrarse amarrado y amordazado.

No pudo el principe decir las palabras mágicas y quedó desencantado.

- Esposa, - le dijo el principe a Ninfa, - has faltado a tu promesa que me hiciste y ahora vas a tener que pagarlo. Para deshacer el encanto y despues haber vivido felices los dos teniamos que haber estados casados un año y un dia, pero como me has desobedecido, ahora vas a tener que buscarme, y no me encontrarás hasta que halles el Castillo de la Fe.

Al instante el principe se desapareció y Ninfa quedó sola. Se entristeció y lloró mucho porque amaba deveras al principe. Consolándose se propuso viajar hasta encontrar el Castillo de la Fe.

Recogió algunas prendas, se las echó al hombro y salió en busca del Castillo. Caminó y caminó y por fin llegó a un bosque donde vivia un hechicero.

- Niña, le dijo el hechicero, - ¿que andas haciendo por este bosque?

- Ando buscando el Castillo de la Fe, -contestó Ninfa, - ¿no sabe usted por donde queda?

- Yo no sé donde está ese Castillo, - dijo el hechicero, -pero vete por este camino hasta que llegues a las casa de mi padre. El puede ser que te diga dónde esta lo que buscas. Toma esta nuez y si alguna vez te encuentras en un apuro, quiébrala.

Le dió Ninfa las gracias y se fué hasta que llegó a la casa del padre del hechicero. Le preguntó Ninfa que se sabia donde estaba el Castillo de la Fé y el viejecito le dijo que no.

- Per mira, -agregó el padre del hechicero, -vete por este camino hasta que llegues donde vive mi hermano mayor, él ha viajado mucho y puede ser que él sepa donde está ese Castillo. Yo tambien te voy a dar una nuez como la que te dió mi hijo. Si te encuentras en algun apuro la quiebras y te ayudará.

Se fué Ninfa ande y ande y al fin llegó a la casa del hermano mayor del viejecito. El tampoco sabia donde estaba el Castillo, pero le dijo a Ninfa:

- La que sólamente ha de saber, es la Luna. Te vas por este camino y pronto llegarás a su casa. Pero ten cuidado, no sea que la Luna ande enojada. Tambien yo te voy a dar una nuez, si te encuentras apurada la quiebras.

Se fué Ninfa. La pobrecita niña estaba ya muy cansada, pero al fin esa misma noche llego a la casa de la Luna. Tocó a la puerta y salió una viejecita que era la criada de la Luna.

- ¡Válgame Diós, hijita! - le preguntó le anciana, - ¿que andas haciendo? ¿Sabes que se te halla aqui la Luna te come?

Ninfa entonces contó a la viejecita lo sucedido, y esta le dijo:

- Tu te metes detrás de la estufa donde no te vea la Luna cuando venga, y yo disimuladamente le pregunto que si sabe donde esta ese Castillo.

Aclarando llegó le Luna, muy enojada porque se habia clavado una espina cuando se estaba comiendo una tuna.*

Entró la Luna y dijo:

- ¡A carne humana me huele aquí, si no me las das te como a ti! - Anda, le dijo la vieja, -tu estás loca. Nomás porque hay un pedazo de carne en el horno ya crees que es carne humana. Siéntate y come para que te acuestes, porque vienes muy cansada.

Se sentó la Luna a comer y la viejecita le empezó a platicar.

- El otro dia pasó por aquí una lechuza y hablando con ella, me dijo que había oído hablar del Castillo de la Fé pero que no sabía donde estaba. Tu que tantas cosas sabes, de seguro eso tambien lo has de saber.

- Te diré la verdad, dijo la Luna, -no sé. El que sí debe saber es el Sol.

Se acostó a dormir la Luna y la viejecita le dijo a Ninfa:

- Prontito, vete antes de que despierte la Luna. Vete por ese camino y pronto llegarás a la casa del Sol.

Se fué Ninfa y caminó y caminó y por fín llegó a la casa del Sol. Toco la puerta y salió otra viejecita.

- ¡Válgame Diós, niña! le dijo a Ninfa, -¿que andas haciendo aquí? ¿No sabes que si te encuentra el Sol aquí to quemara?

Ninfa empezó a llorar y entre lágrimas le contó su historia a la viejecita. Estaban muy tristes platicando cuando de repente se llenó de luz la casa y entró el Sol. La pobre Ninfa se persignó y se preparó a morir. Pero la viejecita le gritó al Sol:

- Espérate, Sol, espérate. Esta pobre niña anda buscando el Castillo de la Fé.

- ¡Ah!, exclamó el Sol, -conque andas buscando el Castillo de la Fé ¿ y por qué?

Ninfa sollozando le contó todo lo que le habia sucedido.

-Yo se donde está ese Castillo, -dijo el Sol, -pero está muy lejos. Yo te podria llevar, pero ya es tarde, y tu sabes que a mi no me dejan salir de noche. Pero mira, cerca de aquí vive mi amigo el Aire, él si te puede llevar. Vete por este camino y cuando llegues a su casa le dices que fuí yo quién te mandó.

Se fué Ninfa y despues de caminar un buen rato, llegó a la casa del Aire. Tocó y el Aire gritó:

- ¡Que entre quien sea!

Entro Ninfa y le dijo al Aire que la mandaba el Sol a pedirle un favór.

- Concedido, -dijo el Aire, -sea lo que sea.

Ninfa entonces le contó todo lo que le pasaba, y que queria ir al Castillo de la Fé.

- No te preocupes, - dijo el Aire, -yo te llevaré.

Se montó Ninfa en el lomo del Aire y en un abrir y cerrar de ojos llegaron al Castillo.

- Mira, dijo el Aire, -parece que hay fiesta en el Castillo.

Todo el Castillo estaba muy iluminado y se oían tocar violines y guitarras.

- Me tengo que ir, -dijo el Aire a Ninda, -Con la ayuda de Diós todo saldrá bien. Volviéndose torbellino se fué.

Tocó Ninfa la puerta del Castillo y salió un criado.

-¿En que le puedo ayudar?, le dijo el criado.

- Quisiera ver al principe.

- Señora, -contestó el criado, -ahorita no lo puede ver porque se acaba de casar y anda bailando con la nueva princesa.

- Aunque asi sea, señor, déjame entrar a ver el baile. Yo nunca he visto un baile Yo nunca he visto un baile tan bonito.

El criado le contestó, - Te voy a dejar entrar pero con una condición, que tengas cuidado de que no te vea la novia. Como no estas invitada, si te ve se enojaría.

Entró Ninfa al Castillo y vió a su esposo, el principe, comiendo en una mesa rodeado de sus invitados.

Se repegó Ninfa a la pared, y de alli empezó a hacerle señas al principe. El principeseguia platicandoy no se fijaba en Ninfa.

Tantas señales hizo Ninfa que la vió la novia, que era una bruja que con sus hechizos habia logrado que el principe se casara con ella.

L abruja le gritó a sus criados, -¡Corran a esa limosnera!

Entonces el principe vió a Ninfa y al instante la reconoció. El principe le gritó a los criados que trajeran a Ninfa, pero con el bullicio no lo oian.

Los criados estaban para coger a Ninfa cuando ella quebró una de las nueces mágicas que le habian regalado, y se transformó en una ratita que corria por todos lados. Cuando vió la ratita, la bruja se convirtió en una gata que empezó a seguir a Ninfa. La ratita brincó sobre la mesa y al subirse en el plato del principe, quebró otra nuez. Se transformó entonces en un grano de arroz. La gata tambien brincó sobre la mesa y se convirtió en una gallina que empezó a comerse el arroz.

Ninfa entonces se volvió coyote y se comió a la gallina de una mordida.

Ninfa recobró luego se forma humana y volvió a ser tan bella como antes y vivió muy feliz con el principe por muchos años.


* Author's note: There is s very well known rhyme in Spanish about the moon eating prickly pears. This is perhaps a reference to it.

Allá está la luna,
Comiendo su tuna,
Turando las cáscaras,
Para la laguna.

Yonder is the moon,
Eating her prickly pear
Throwing the peelings
towards the lake.

Once upon a time there was a very poor woodcutter who had three beautiful daughters. Of the three girls, the youngest was the most beautiful. One day the woodcutter went into the forest and was chopping down an oak tree when a very large and horrible bear wrenched the axe from his hands.

"Who gave you permission to cut the wood in my forest?" growled the bear. "You have been stealing my timber and now you must pay for it with your life."

"Please forgive me, Senor Oso," said the poor woodcutter, "I was only cutting the wood to sell it and thus support my three little daughters. If you kill me, my little girls will starve."

The Bear remained thoughtful and then said,

"There is only one way in which you life may be saved. You have to give me one of your daughters in marriage."

The woodcutter didn't know what to say or do. Finally the thought of dying and leaving his daughters destitute forced him to agree to the Bear's proposal.

The woodcutter returned home and told his daughters what had happened.

"Father," said the two eldest girls, "we would rather die than marry that Bear."

Ninfa, the youngest, said. "Father, I will marry the Bear."

Next day Ninfa and her father went into the forest where the Bear was waiting for them. After seeing the beautiful maiden, he was satisfied.

Ninfa, however, said to the Bear, "Senor Oso, my mother always taught me that in all things I should always follow God's law. If I must marry you, I want to be married according to the Catholic rites."

The Bear agreed, provided a priest could come to the forest. The woodcutter went in search of a priest and soon returned with one. Ninfa and the Bear were then married.

The Bear took Ninfa to his cave, and when it grew dark he chanted:

"Bear so hairy, Bear so alarming,
Change into a prince handsome and charming."

In an instant the Bear changed into a handsome prince. He then told Ninfa, "I am an enchanted prince, cursed by a witch into being a bear by day and a man by night. You do anything you want around here on one condition, that you never reveal that I am an enchanted prince."

Ninfa, happily promised that she would never reveal the secret.

The next morning they arose from bed, and the prince said:

"Prince so handsome, prince so charming,
Change into a Bear, hairy and alarming."

In an instant the prince had changed back into a bear.

Days followed days and Ninfa felt a desire to go and visit her family in the village. However, she didn't know how to ask the prince for permission. Finally she mustered enough courage and said to him.

"Aside from you, husband, I don't have anyone with whom to talk. I wish you would let me go to the village to see my father and sister. It isn't far, and if I leave early enough I will be back before it gets dark."

The prince did not want to let Ninfa go, but the girl insisted so much that he finally consented. However, he make her repeat her oath never to reveal the prince's secret.

Next day Ninfa got up early. She dressed herself richly and went to see her father and sisters, who welcomed her joyously. However, the devil, who never sleeps, soon filled the sisters with envy. They began to poke fun at Ninfa, jealous of the fact that she was wearing rich jewels and costly garments.

"You married a bear, what shame!" the sisters repeatedly told her.

So many times did the sisters repeat this, that finally Ninfa lost her temper and revealed her husband's secret. The sisters were deeply amazed to hear Ninfa's tale. The eldest one then said:

"Look, Ninfa, why don't you disenchant the prince? What you have to do is easy. Get him drunk tonight. When he goes to sleep, tie him up and gag him. As soon as day breaks and the prince wakes up, he will not be able to say the magic words and the enchantment will be broken. Then you will have a husband with a human form forever."

Ninfa returned to the bear's cave and that night did everything her sister had suggested. The prince awoke the next morning, and imagine his surprise at finding himself tied and gagged!

He could not say the magic rhyme and the enchantment was broken.

"Wife," the prince later said to Ninfa, "you have broken you promise; now you must bear the consequences. To break the enchantment and live happily ever after, we two had to live happily married a year and a day. Since you have disobeyed me, you are going to have to look for me. You will not find me until you locate the Castle of Faith."

Saying this, the prince vanished and Ninfa was left alone. She cried and was sorry, for she truly loved the prince. Then, determined to be reunited with her husband, Ninfa decided to go and look for the Castle of Faith. Tying a few belongings together, she slung them on her back and left on her search.

She walked and walked and finally arrived at a forest where a wizard lived.

"Nina," said the wizard, "what do you want here in this forest?"

"I am looking for the Castle of Faith," answered Ninfa, "do you happen to know where it is?"

"I don't know where that castle is located." said the wizard, "but follow this road until you reach my father's house. He may know where the castle is. Take this nut and if you ever find yourself in trouble break it."

Ninfa thanked the old man, and left, finally reaching the house where the wizard's father lived. She asked him if he knew where the Castle of Father was. The old man didn't know but said:

"Look, walk along this road until you come to the house of my eldest brother. He has traveled much, perhaps he can tell you where the castle is. I am going to give you another nut just as my son did. If you find yourself in trouble, break it and it will help you.

Ninfa walked and walked and finally came to the house of the third wizard. He also didn't know here the castle was. However, he told her what to do:

"The Moon probably knows. Follow this road and soon you will come to her house. But be careful, the Moon may be angry. I am also going to give you a nut. If you find yourself in trouble, break it."

Ninfa left. The poor girl was very, very tired, but at last that night she arrived at the moon's house. She knocked on the door and a little old lady, who was the moon's housekeeper, came out.

"Merciful God! Daughter, what are you doing here?" asked the old lady. "Don't you know that if the Moon finds you here she will eat you?"

Ninfa tearfully told the old woman all that had happened.

"Look," said the old one, "you hide behind the stove. When the moon comes, I will carelessly ask her if she know where the castle is."

At dawn the moon came in, angry because she had stuck in her finger a thorn from a prickly pear.*

The moon came into the kitchen and said, "Human flesh I smell here. Give it to me or on you I will feast."

"Go on," said the old woman, "you're crazy. Just because there is a roast in the oven, you think it's human flesh. Sit down and eat so that you can go to bed. You are very tired.

The moon sat down to eat and the old lady began to talk. "The other day an owl went by, and I got to taking with her. She told me she had heard talk about the Castle of Faith. You, who know so many things, surely know where this castle is."

"To tell you the truth," said the Moon, "I don't know." The one who probably knows is the Sun."

The moon went to bed and the little old lady whispered to Ninfa, "Quickly, leave before the Moon wakes up. Go along this road and soon you will arrive at the house of the Sun."

Ninfa left and she walked and walked, until finally she came to the Sun's house. She knocked on the door and another little old lady answered.

"Valgame Dios, nina!" she exclaimed, "What are you doing here?" Don't you know that if the Sun finds you here he will burn you?"

Ninfa began to cry, and between sobs told her story to the little old lady. They were both gloomily taking when the house suddenly filled with light and the Sun came in. Poor Ninfa. She crossed herself and prepared to die. But the little old lady yelled.

"Wait, Sun! Wait! this poor child is looking for the Castle of Faith."

"Ah!" exclaimed the Sun, "so you are looking for the Castle of Faith."

Tearfully Ninfa told the Sun what had happened to her.

"I know where the castle is," said the Sun. "But it is very far from here. I could take you, but it is getting late and you know that I am not allowed to go out after dark. But look! Near here lives my good friend, El Aire, the Wind. He can take you. You walk along this path and when you get to El Aire's home, you tell him that it was I who sent you."

Ninfa left and, after walking a good while, arrived at the Wind's house. She knocked and the Wind screamed, "Come in whoever it is!"

Ninfa entered and told El Aire that the Sun had sent her with a request.

"Granted," said El Aire, "no matter what it may be."

She told Senor Aire all that had adversely happened to her and that she wanted to go to the Castle of Faith.

"Do not worry," said El Aire, "I myself, will take you."

Ninfa straddled El Aire's back, and in less time than it takes to wink an eye, they arrived at the castle.

"Look," said El Aire, "it seems that there is a fiesta in the castle."

The whole castle was brilliantly lit and the sound of violins and guitars could be heard everywhere.

"I have to leave," he told Ninfa. "With the help of God, everything will come out all right."

And turning into a whirlwind, he rushed away.

Ninfa knocked on the door of the castle, and a servant come out.

"In what may I serve you?" asked the servant.

"I would like to see the prince."

"Senora," answered the servant, "you cannot see him at this moment. He just got married and now is dancing with the new princess."

"Well, if that is the case, Senor, at least let me come in and see this baile. I have never seen such a magnificent baile."

The servant told Ninfa, "I am going to let you come in, but one condition, that you be careful and not let the bride see you. Since you have not been invited, the bride would be angry at seeing you here."

Ninfa entered the castle and saw her husband, the prince, eating at a table and surrounded by his guests.

She flattened herself against the wall. From there she began trying to attract the prince's attention. He kept on taking; he had not seen the poor girl.

Ninfa tried so hard to get the prince's attention that the bride saw her. She was an evil witch who with her magic had blinded the prince and made him marry her.

The prince then saw Ninfa and recognized her immediately. He yelled at the servants. telling them to bring Ninfa to him, but with the noise nobody heard him.

The witch screamed at her servants, "Run that beggar out!"

The servants were about to lay their hands on Ninfa when the girl broke one of the magic nuts the wizards had given her. In an instant Ninfa turned into a little rat which ran hither and yon. When the witch saw this, she turned into a huge cat which began to chase the rat. The rat sprang atop the prince's table, and onto his plate. There Ninfa broke another nut and turned into a grain of rice which became lost among many on the prince's plate. The cat also jumped on the table, turning instantly into a chicken which began to eat the rice.

Ninfa then broke the other nut and turned into a coyote which ate the chicken in one bite.

Ninfa then was transformed back into human form to be reunited with the prince and both lived happily ever after.

NOTES FOR EL PRINCIPE OSO

The classical form of "El Principe Oso' is the story of "Cupid and "Psyche," which was first told by Apuleius in his narrative "The Golden Ass". It was retold in the nineteenth century by Walter Pater in Marius the Epicurean. This classical form of the tale, however, does not represent the original form from which the modern European versions are derived. This version is even farther from the original, since it is actually a compilation of two entirely different types of stories, Aarne-Thompson's Types 425 C and 325. Up to the time the heroine finds her lost husband the story runs pretty true to form. From them on, however, it becomes a cumulative tale of transformation.

Ernst Tegethoff, in his Amor and Psyche, has traced the entire cycle. In this, the most complete study of "Cupid and Psyche," Tegethoff considers the real motif to be the disobedience of the wife and the subsequent interruption of the happy life of the heroine and her supernatural husband.

"Cupid and Psyche' has been known in literary circles for more than two thousand years. Tegethoff, however, thinks that, except in Italy, the literary treatments have had little or no influence on the oral.

This tale is reported in every part of Europe. In the Western half, several countries have reported more than fifty versions. In Italy alone sixty one oral variants have been recorded. References to "Cupid and Psyche' tales are too numerous to mention here, the most important being the following: Bolte-Polivka, Hausmarchen, Vol. 11, pp. 234-251, and especially pp 267-271 (Grimm 88). In Vol 1V, p209, Bolt-Polivka mentions the fact that in 1816 Jacob Grimm wrote a version of Il Pentamerone, Day 11, Tale 5, a "Cupid and Psyche" tale, in the style of a German marchen. In the Near East and the Orient there are several variants. Keightley, in his Tales and Popular Fictions, London, 1834, pp185-98 cites an interesting Sanskrit version of the "Cupid and Psyche" motif. This tale, recorded by Keightley, later was mentioned by Wilford in his Asiatic Researches, Vol.1X, p.147. The same version later received much more scholarly treatment in Weber's Indische Studien, Vol. XV, pp.252 et seq. In 1926 Edgerton in his Vikrama's Adventures, Harvard Oriental Series, Vol. XXV1, pp.263-66, edited and translated into English a version from the three known texts.

Among American aborigines the "Cupid and Psyche" tale does not seem to be told except by the Zuni of New Mexico. It has, however, been recorded from the French in Missouri and the negroes of Jamaica. In Spain alone A.M. Espnose reports eighty-three versions. In all, several hundred variants are known and available to the student.

Relationship of "El Principe Oso' to tales of the same general type.

Similarities:

1. The hero is an enchanted prince who is a bear by day and a man by night.

2. The hero's wife reveals the secret of her husband's transformation.

3. The wife is punished for revealing the secret.

4. Tasks are set as punishment of the wife's disobedience.

5. The sun, the moon and the wind help the heroine find her lost husband.

Differences:

1. The marriage of the prince-bear and the heroine is solemnized by a priest. (here, as with most stories found in Mexico, the Catholic Church has made its influence felt, and the story has been altered to comply with the canons.)

2. A nightly transformation of the bear into a prince takes place by his saying a magic rhyme.

3. The heroine gags and ties her husband instead of burning the bear skin to disenchant him.

4. The heroine gets magic objects from three old wizards instead of an old woman (or three old women).

5. The husband does not suffer forgetfulness, but recognizes the heroine as soon as she arrives at his palace.

6. The heroine does not trade her magic objects for a chance of talking or sleeping with her husband.

7. The heroine breaks her magic objects (in this case nuts) to escape from and vanquish the new witch-bride of the prince.

Part seven actually embraces the transformation-combat found in the story of "The Magician and His Pupil" (Aarne-Thompson Type 325). Here, then, we have a fine riddle. Is the conclusion, which comes from an Oriental story, part of the original tale, or has the tale itself embraced two different cultures? Theodor Benfey, in the Prologomena to his Panchatantra, used the story of the "Magician and His Pupil" to illustrate the way in which tales from India are carried over into Mongolian literature. Perhaps this may have happened in our story, especially in view of the fact that Chihuahua City, Mexico, numbers among its residents many natives of Syria and Arabia who have intermarried with Mexicans. Be this as it may, the riddle remains.

Comparative Classification:

Aarne-Thompson:Types 425A; 425C and tentatively 325.

Apuleius: "Cupid and Psyche".

A.M. Espinosa: Tale 127

G. Basile: Day 11, Tale 5

Grimm: Tale 88

Narrator:
Sra Eva Rueda-Fraire
Age 62
Chihuahua, Chih, Mex

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